Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of pneumonia that develops at least 48 hours after a patient was intubated and placed on the mechanical ventilator. It's a preventable lung infection that can Unravelling the complexity of ventilator associated pneumonia: a systematic methodological literature review of diagnostic criteria and definitions used in clinical research Critical Care Springer Nature Link Comparison between a clinical diagnosis method and the surveillance technique of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention for identification of mechanical ventilator associated pneumonia Critical Care Science (CCS) Diagnostic value of procalcitonin in ventilator associated pneumonia ScienceDirect