There are recognized diagnostic criteria for a first ventilatorassociated pneumonia (VAP) episode, but not for recurrences. A panel of 36 European experts reached consensus on the classification and Samir JABER Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of health care acquired pneumonia including ventilator associated pneumonia in Nepal PLOS One Developing a New, National Approach to Surveillance for Ventilator Associated Events Protocol for developing a national approach to surveillance and prevention for neonatal ventilator associated pneumonia